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THROB EASE
CURCUMIN
PIPERINE

SOURCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
CURCUMIN (diferuloylmethane) is a biologically active turmeric (Curcuma longa), a spice often found in curry powder.
PIPERINE is an alkaloid extracted from black pepper and long pepper.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
In vitro, CURCUMIN possesses anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of NFkappaB signaling pathway, suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)synthesis and inhibition of neoangiogenesis. In experimental animals, curcumin demonstrates anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activities.
PIPERINE affects the absorption and metabolism of various drugs and natural remedies. In fact, it significantly amplifies the absorption of curcumin.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE
CURCUMIN has been used since ancient times on the Indian subcontinent to treat various illnesses such as rheumatism, body ache, dyspepsia, inflammations, colic and other illnesses. Limited clinical trials demonstrated that curcumin expresses symptom-modifying activity in patients with arthritis, psoriasis and ulcerative colitis.
There are no clinical data presenting beneficial effects of PIPERINE on arthritis or inflammation in humans.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
CURCUMIN and PIPERINE should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

INTERACTIONS
CURCUMIN should be avoided by individuals taking NSAIDs.
PIPERINE increases absorption of selenium, vitamins of B group and beta-carotene. Individuals taking theophylline, phenytoin, rifampicin, beta-clockers and warfarin should avoid piperine consumption.

ADVERSE REACTIONS
Consumption of CURCUMIN is rarely associated with side effects. The most common side effects of the curcumin are dyspepsia, gastritis and abdominal discomfort.
PIPERINE is considered GRAS (generally recognized as safe for use in food) by the FDA and is approved by the FDA as a food additive. Piperine side effects are dose dependent. Low doses of the piperine are rarely associated with side effects. The most common side effects of the piperine are abdominal discomfort and diarrhea.

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RELEVIATE
DEVIL’S CLAW ROOT EXTRACT

SOURCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) is a plant native to the red sand areas in the Transvaal of South Africa and Namibia. It has spread throughout the Kalahari and Savannah desert regions. The plant’s secondary tubers contain a number of biologically active substances. The most commonly used and well-characterized one is an iridoid glycoside (a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; the sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside) harpagoside.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION
In vitro biological activities of Devil’s claw include Inhibition of 5-lipoxigenase, human leukocyte elastase, and thromboxane B2 synthesis, inhibition of NF-kappa B activation and correspondent inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression, inhibition of inflammatory responses in mesangial cells, inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis and inhibition of IL-1b-induced matrix metalloproteinase production in human articular chondrocytes. In experimental animals, Devil’s claw demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Devil’s claw has long been used as a tea by indigenous South African peoples to treat gastrointestinal disorders and rheumatic conditions. Numerous publications demonstrated that Devil’s claw reduces symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis and low back pain. The German Commission E recommends the use of Devil's claw for the treatment of arthritic pain.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
DEVIL’S CLAW should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

INTERACTIONS:
DEVIL’S CLAW should be avoided by individuals taking warfarin and anti-arrhythmic drugs.

ADVERSE REACTIONS
DEVIL’S CLAW consumption is associated with rare adverse reactions which may include abdominal discomfort, headache, ringing in the ears, loss of appetite and taste. DEVIL’S CLAW should be avoided by individuals with gastric and duodenal ulcers and with diseases of gall bladder and biliary tree.

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DEFEND
CAT’S CLAW

SOURCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Cat’s claw is an extract from the amazonian medicinal plant Uncaria tomentosa. The extract contains oxindole alkaloids, terpenes, quinovic acid glycosides, flavonoids and coumarins The active ingredients of the cat’s claw extract are considered to be quinic acid esters.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Cat’s claw extract was shown to inhibit TNFalpha production via inhibition of NFkappaB activation. It also possesses anti-oxidant activity.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Cat’s claw has been used for centuries by South American Indians as a remedy to treat various inflammatory conditions. Several pilot clinical trials demonstrated that cat’s claw extract reduces symptoms in patients with knee osteoarthritis and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
The remedy should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

INTERACTIONS
Interactions between Cat’s claw extract and prescription drugs are studied insufficiently. Patients taking warfarin should avoid taking cat’s claw extract. Limited clinical data indicate that cat’s claw extract may express synergistic anti-inflammatory activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis when taken in combination with prescription drugs hydroxychloroquine and sulfasalazine.

ADVERSE REACTIONS
The reported rare adverse reactions include headaches, dizziness and vomiting. Anecdotal reports describe precipitation of lupus nephritis by the oral consumption of cat’s claw. Therefore, patients with lupus should avoid taking cat’s claw preparations.

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RELEVIATE PLUS
DEVIL’S CLAW
PAEONIFLORIN
BIOPERINE

SOURCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION:
Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) is a plant native to the red sand areas in the Transvaal of South Africa and Namibia. It has spread throughout the Kalahari and Savannah desert regions. The plant’s secondary tubers contain a number of biologically active substances. The most commonly used and well-characterized one is an iridoid glycoside (a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via an O-glycosidic bond or an S-glycosidic bond; the sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside) harpagoside.
PAEONIFLORIN (5beta-[(Benzoyloxy)methyl]tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2,5-methano-1H-3,4-dioxacyclobuta[cd]pentalen-1alpha(2H)-yl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is a glycoside from the peony (Paeonia lactiflora) root.
BIOPERINE is an alkaloid extracted from black pepper and long pepper.

MECHANISMS OF ACTION:
DEVIL’S CLAW: In vitro biological activities of Devil’s claw include Inhibition of 5-lipoxigenase, human leukocyte elastase, and thromboxane B2 synthesis, inhibition of NF-kappa B activation and correspondent inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression, inhibition of inflammatory responses in mesangial cells, inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis and inhibition of IL-1b-induced matrix metalloproteinase production in human articular chondrocytes. In experimental animals, Devil’s claw demonstrates anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic and analgesic activities.
PAEONIFLORIN possesses anti-inflammatory activity in vitro via induction of T-lymphocyte apoptosis, inhibition of TGFb1 and via regulation of the local intestinal immune system. In experimental animals, paeoniflorin expresses anti-arthritic activity via reduction of TNFα and IL-6 production, muscle relaxing activity and analgesic activity via binding to adenosine A1 receptor.
BIOPERINE affects the absorption and metabolism of various drugs and natural remedies. In fact, it significantly amplifies the absorption of curcumin.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE:
Devil’s claw has long been used as a tea by indigenous South African peoples to treat gastrointestinal disorders and rheumatic conditions. Numerous publications demonstrated that Devil’s claw reduces symptoms in patients with osteoarthritis and low back pain. The German Commission E recommends the use of Devil's claw for the treatment of arthritic pain.
PAEONIFLORIN containing peony root extract has been used for centuries as a traditional Chinese remedy to treat muscle cramps, spasms and muscle tension. The efficacy of peony extract in relieving muscle cramps / muscle pain is supported by several clinical trials. In pilot clinical trials, peony root extract was shown to benefit patients with rheumatoid arthritis and amplify the therapeutic effects of such known anti-rheumatic drugs as leflunomide and methotrexate.
BIOPERINE: There are no clinical data presenting beneficial effects of PIPERINE on arthritis or inflammation in humans.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
DEVIL’S CLAW, PAEONIFLORIN and Bioperine should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

INTERACTIONS:
DEVIL’S CLAW should be avoided by individuals taking warfarin and anti-arrhythmic drugs.
PAEONIFLORIN should be avoided by individuals taking muscle relaxants, L-Dopa, warfarin, gabapentin, pregabalin, spasmolytics, antibiotics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors and beta blockers. Paeoniflorin should not be used with the following herbal remedies: Veratum album, Valerian root, Rhubarb (Rheum officinale), Cuscuta japonica, Fritillaria verticillata.
BIOPERINE increases absorption of selenium, vitamins of B group and beta-carotene. Individuals taking theophylline, phenytoin, rifampicin, beta-clockers and warfarin should avoid piperine consumption.

ADVERSE REACTIONS:
DEVIL’S CLAW consumption is associated with rare adverse reactions which may include abdominal discomfort, headache, ringing in the ears, loss of appetite and taste. DEVIL’S CLAW should be avoided by individuals with gastric and duodenal ulcers and with diseases of gall bladder and biliary tree.
PAEONIFLORIN may potentially cause somnolence, mild muscle weakness, constipation, hypotension and abdominal discomfort. Paeoniflorin should not be taken by individuals suffering from muscle weakness, hereditary myopathies and muscle dystrophies, myasthenia gravis and opioid-induced constipation.
BIOPERINE is considered GRAS (generally recognized as safe for use in food) by the FDA and is approved by the FDA as a food additive. BIOPERINE side effects are dose dependent. Low doses of the piperine are rarely associated with side effects. The most common side effects of the BIOPERINE are abdominal discomfort and diarrhea.

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IMMUNE SHIELD
CORDYCEPS SINENSIS

SOURCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Cordyceps sinensis is a mycellium extract from the Asian mushroom found at high altitude of China, Nepal and Tibet. The known active ingredients in the extract include cordycepin (3’-deoxyadenosin), cordycepic acid and mannoglucans.

MECHANISM OF ACTION:
Cordyceps sinensis possesses anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and nuclear factor NFkappaB activation. Other biological activities of this product include nephroprotection (kidney protection) via prevention of ischemic injuries and suppression of mesangial cell proliferation and increased production of corticosteroid hormones.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE
Pilot clinical trials demonstrated that cordyceps sinensis (in combination with artemisin) prevents the progression of kidney damage in patients with lupus.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
The remedy should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

INTERACTIONS
Interactions between Cordyceps sinensis extract and prescription drugs are studied insufficiently. Patients taking warfarin should avoid taking Cordyceps sinensis extract. Limited clinical data indicate that Cordyceps sinensis extract may prevent blood vessel damage in patients taking cyclosporin.

ADVERSE REACTIONS
The reported adverse effects mainly include allergic reactions.

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CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORT
ARTEMISININ

SOURCE AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
Artemisinin is isolated from the shrub Artemisia annua. Chemically, artemisinin is (3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)-octahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-3,12-epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-j]-1,2-benzodioxepin-10(3H)-one.

MECHANISM OF ACTION
In animals, artemisinin suppresses Th2 and antibody-mediated immune responses and enhances Th1 T-cell mediated immune responses. Artemisinin also inhibits development of collagen-induced arthritis and suppresses TNF alpha production in human synovial fibroblasts. Artemisinin also was found to be efficient in the therapy of experimental lupus.

HUMAN EXPERIENCE
A pilot clinical trial demonstrated that a combination of artemisinin with cordyceps sinensis extract delays the progression of kidney damage in patients with lupus.

PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
The remedy should be avoided during pregnancy and lactation.

INTERACTIONS
Artemisinin is known to have mild effects on several cytochrome P450 enzymes. The clinical significance of this phenomenon is poorly defined. Nevertheless, patients taking warfarin, rifampin, beta-blockers, antidepressants and calcium-channel blockers should avoid using artemisinin.

ADVERSE REACTIONS
The reported adverse reactions include increased photosensitivity, occasional diarrhea and nausea.

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EVENING PRIMROSE OIL

Natural source of GLA

Evening primrose oil contains a concentrated source of gamma linolenic acid (GLA), a beneficial omega-6 fatty acid that is difficult to obtain from the diet. GLAcan be converted in the body into prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), a hormone-like substance that helps regulate inflammatory mechanisms, supports platelet aggregation, and assists blood vessel dilation.

Under normal circumstances, the body can convert linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid found in nuts and seeds and most vegetable oils, into GLAand then to PGE1. However, many things can interfere with this conversion, including excess consumption of saturated fat or hydrogenated oils and inadequate intake of vitamin C, magnesium, zinc, and B vitamins. Certain disease conditions, blood sugar imbalance, and the aging process can also interfere with proper conversion. Many diabetics, individuals with inflammatory skin disorders such as eczema and psoriasis, and women with PMS have been found to have low levels of GLA, often due to an inferior ability to convert linoleic acid to GLA.

GLA is not found in significant quantities in food. Supplying preformed GLA in supplemental form can circumvent the metabolic conversion steps, resulting in more reliable formation of PGE1. Dietary supplements of evening primrose oil, black current seed oil, and borage oil are commonly used as supplemental sources. While each supplies GLA, there may be somewhat different benefits as determined by the overall composition of the specific plant source.

Each softgel contains 124 mg of biologically active GLA that has been cold-pressed and is free of hexane or other solvents.

This product was made in a GMPand ISO 9001:2000 registered facility.

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MSM
Normalizes Response to Inflammation

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a naturally occurring, organic sulfur-containing compound providing a ready source of dietary sulfur that the body can use as needed. Sulfur is the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body. It is required for detoxification pathways, connective tissue metabolism, antibody formation, and synthesis of other organosulfur compounds including certain hormones and antioxidants. Sulfur must be continually replenished for optimal nutrition and health.

MSM is found in small amounts in food and throughout nature. MSM can be incorporated into body proteins or used in metabolism in several important ways.

• Joint and Connective Tissue Support: MSM provides sulfur needed for the structural integrity of joint cartilage and connective tissue such as skin, hair and nails. Joints affected by osteoarthritis may have lower sulfur content than normal tissues. MSM can modulate inflammation and may assist recovery of sore muscles.

• Liver Detoxification Support: One of the most important detoxification pathways relies on sulfur. In the liver, various sulfur compounds and antioxidants bind with toxins through a process called conjugation, allowing them to be safely excreted. MSM can assist detoxification by donating sulfur groups needed for formation of important sulfur detoxifying agents.

Although small amounts of MSM are found in fresh fruits, vegetables, grains, and unpasteurized milk, dietary sources do not supply adequate MSM to serve as a reliable source of organic sulfur. MSM in this product is made from DMSO through a process that produces MSM that is chemically identical to that found in nature. It is 99.9% pure, non-toxic, and non-allergenic.

MSM is a unique sulfur compound that has no sulfur odor and is exceptionally well-tolerated. Molybdenum, an essential trace element has been added to assist sulfur metabolism. MSM has been safely used daily for several years in amounts of several grams or more without any significant adverse effects. It has no known contraindications with pharmaceutical drugs or over-the-counter medications. MSM should not be confused with sulfa drugs. Unlike MSM, sulfa-based antibiotic drugs (sulfonamides)
do not occur naturally. While many people are allergic to sulfa drugs, no similar reactions have been reported with MSM.

This product was made in a GMP and ISO 9001:2000 registered facility.

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OMEGA-3 EPA/DHA
Heavy Metal Free

This product supplies an excellent source of omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) fatty acids. The fatty acids found in fish oil are important to proper immune function, regulation of inflammation, lipoprotein metabolism, brain function, and mood regulation. This ultra-refined product is independently tested to ensure the purity, potency, and integrity of the oil. Additionally, careful handling of the oil leads to a clean, non-fishy taste.

• Pure: This fish oil supplement is highly purified and safe for daily use. Heavy metals such as mercury and lead, as well as cholesterol, PCB’s, pesticides, and other impurities often found in fish and unrefined fish oil productsare removed through molecular distillation and other advanced filtration processes.

• Potent: The fish oil used in this product is concentrated, supplying 50% EPA/DHAcontent. In compliance with industry labeling guidelines, the EPAand DHAcontent is represented as actual “elemental” weight, as opposed to the weight of the fatty acid compound commonly used. The minimum amount of EPAper softgel is 270 mg with 180 mg of DHA. Because of this high yield, fewer softgels than many over-the-counter fish oils are needed to reach the recommended daily amount.

• Competitively-Priced: When compared against other high-quality fish oil supplements, this product is among the most cost-effective choices. When evaluating the actual EPA and DHAcontent, this fish oil supplement supplies a higher quantity for a lesser cost.

This product can be taken by anyone who wants to enhance their diet with important fatty acids in active forms readily used by the body. It may be especially helpful for individuals who do not regularly consume fish or who may poorly metabolize fatty acids consumed in their diet.

Suggested Use: 1 to 6 softgels daily with food.

This product was made in a GMP and ISO 9001:2000 registered facility.

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TENSION AID
Support for Head and Back

This product combines large amounts of the B-vitamin riboflavin with feverfew herb to help support the proper function of cerebral blood vessels. By helping to maintain energy in brain cells and support the ability of blood vessels to properly expand and contract, these safe, natural substances may be especially beneficial for individuals susceptible to impaired central nervous system function affecting the head and brain.

• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) is essential for producing red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body and for energy production within mitochondria that supply energy to cells. By helping to maintain energy reserves in blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the head and brain, riboflavin plays an important role in stabilizing brain response to adverse influences that can affect comfort and function. Studies have indicated 400 mg of riboflavin are safe and beneficial for individuals who are prone to dysfunctions in mitochondrial metabolism.

• Feverfew, an herb that has been widely used for centuries, acts in several ways to support the function of blood platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. Specific compounds in feverfew help regulate production of certain inflammatory compounds and assist contraction-expansion mechanisms of blood vessels, which may help stabilize the vascular system.

This product can be taken by anyone who wishes to promote more optimal cellular mitochondrial oxygen metabolism in support of brain and vascular function. Most complete benefits are typically seen with consistent use after 3 months.

This product was made in a GMP and ISO 9001:2000 registered facility.

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